Deliverable 9. Report on One Health nanotechnology system for animal models studies (M36)

Nanoparticles are widely used as drug delivery systems due to their adaptability, tailored-made properties and ability to enhance the therapeutic performance of the encapsulated drugs. However, limitations such as cytotoxicity, development of resistance and toxicological risks posed to One Health ecosystems should be considered during the nanoparticles’ development. Long-term safety data of nanoparticles are often lacking, raising concerns about bioaccumulation and unintended ecological impacts following environmental release. In addition, cost-effectiveness and integration into existing healthcare systems remain significant hurdles, especially in low-resource settings where vector-borne diseases are mostly prevalent. Addressing these limitations through rigorous toxicological studies, standardization of nanoparticle synthesis, and multidisciplinary regulatory efforts will be essential for realizing the full potential of nanotechnology in the context of new therapeutic agents against VBDs.